5.19 Boyle's Law

Questions .docx Download this file

5.19 Boyle's Law

28 October 2011

11:11

·         5.19 use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature:

                 p₁V₁ = p₂V₂

p₁ = Pressure at the beginning [kPa, bar or atm]

V₁ = Volume at the beginning [m³ or cm³]

p₂ = Pressure at the end [kPa, bar or atm]

V₂ = Volume at the end [m³ or cm³]

(Note: can use any units for V and p as long as they are the same at the beginning and end)

5.19 Boyle's Law demos

02 November 2011

20:01

	<<Video - mixing colours in a bell jar with Boyle's law.flv>>

Fun with the vacuum pump!

·         Marshmellows

·         Food colouring in pipettes

·         Surgical gloves

5.19 Ideal graph and conclusion

09 November 2011

15:15

5.19 Questions

07 November 2011

14:52

PFY, p.36, Q.1a, 3 and 4

Extension: PFY, p.36, Q.5.

5.19 Experiment

5.19 Experiment

07 November 2011

14:32

·         

Change the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature

·         Measure the volume

·         Use the EXCEL spreadsheet to analyse your results

5.19 Blank EXCEL spreadsheet for Boyle's Law practical

07 November 2011

16:16

<<Ideal Gas - Boyle's Law.xlsx>>

Ideal Gas - Boyle's Law.xlsx Download this file

5.18

5.17 Demo

02 November 2011

19:56

Cloud formation

·         Place a little water in the bottom of a 1½ litre plastic bottle

·         Squeeze a few times

·         Introduce a small amount of smoke

·         Squeeze and release several times

·         When you squeeze, the cloud disappears; when you release, the cloud reforms

 

 

Explanation

·         When the pressure increases the temperature increases and vica versa

·         The smoke particles are nucleating sites on which the water can condense

5.18 Gay-lussac's law

28 October 2011

11:11

·         5.18 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:

                p₁ / T₁ = p₂ / T₂

p₁ = Pressure at the beginning [kPa, bar or atm ]

T₁ = Absolute temperature at the beginning [K]

p₂ = Pressure at the end [kPa, bar or atm]

T₂ = Absolute temperature at the end [K]

(Note: the units of temperature must be Kelvin, not ^oC!  The units of pressure can be any, as long as the same at the beginning and the end)

5.18 Ideal graph and conclusion

09 November 2011

15:15

5.18 Question

07 November 2011

15:08

Collins, p.116

 

p1/T1 = p2/T2 

3/293 = x/328 

3/293x 328 = p2 

p2 = 3.36 

a.              

If we cool the gas in a rigid, sealed tin can, what happens to the pressure inside the can? (1 mark)

The pressure decreases 

b.             

Explain your answer to part a. by using the Kinetic Theory (4 marks)

This is because by cooling the can, you decrease the kinetic energy within the particles and therefore it does not move as fast. This means that the pressure built up against the can decreases. 

5.17

5.17 starter

02 November 2011

20:01

	<<Video - Egg sucked into a bottle by Guy-Lussac's Law.flv>>

Why do the eggs get sucked into the bottles?!

Explanation

·         The burning paper in the bottle heats the air in the bottle

·         When the egg gets placed on top, the oxygen supply in the bottle is rapidly depleted and the paper goes out

·         The bottle is sealed by the egg and now has a constant volume of gas inside

·         The hot gas in the bottle now starts to cool which reduces the pressure inside the bottle

·         The pressure outside the bottle remains unchanged and so there is now an unbalanced force on the egg which accelerates the egg into the bottle

5.17

28 October 2011

11:11

·         5.17 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container

Instructions

·         Launch the application on this website:http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties

·         

Put 5 pumps of gas in

·         Set volume as the Constant Parameter

·         Heat to 1000K

·         Watch what happens to the Pressure

 

Conclusion

·         If you increase the temperature, you increase the pressure

Video - Egg sucked into a bottle by Guy-Lussac's Law.flv Watch on Posterous

5.18 Gay-lussac's law

 

5.18 Gay-lussac's law

28 October 2011

11:11

·         

5.18 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:

                p₁ / T₁ = p₂ / T₂

p₁ = Pressure at the beginning [kPa, bar or atm ]

T₁ = Absolute temperature at the beginning [K]

p₂ = Pressure at the end [kPa, bar or atm]

T₂ = Absolute temperature at the end [K]

(Note: the units of temperature must be Kelvin, not ^oC!  The units of pressure can be any, as long as the same at the beginning and the end)

5.18 Ideal graph and conclusion

09 November 2011

15:15

See the full gallery on Posterous

5.16

5.16 Virtual Experiment

28 October 2011

11:11

·         

5.16 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

 1. Volume of the container 2. When the temperature increased, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. 3.No because it is not a straight curve, showing it is not proportionate. 4.  The kinetic energy is proportionate to the temperature because when temperature increases, the average kinetic energy does too.  5. This is because each particle moves at different speeds. 

5.16 Blank EXCEL template

07 November 2011

13:51

<<Ideal Gas - temperature vs average KE of particles blank table.xlsx>>

Ideal Gas - temperature vs average KE of particles blank table.xlsx Download this file

5.16

5.16 Virtual Experiment

28 October 2011

11:11

·         

5.16 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

5.16 Blank EXCEL template

07 November 2011

13:51

<<Ideal Gas - temperature vs average KE of particles blank table.xlsx>>

Ideal Gas - temperature vs average KE of particles blank table.xlsx Download this file

5.13

5.13 Starter

02 November 2011

18:17

·         

How can you fit a giraffe, 2 dogs and a swan into a standard laboratory beaker?!

5.13 Starter 2

02 November 2011

18:17

·         Use particle theory to explain why the gas in the balloon contracts

 

Explanation

·         The temperature of the gas inside the balloon decreases so the average speed of the particles decreases

·         Consequently the gas particles collide with the walls of the balloon with less force and less collisions per second

·         Because the walls of the container are flexible, the  volume decreases

5.13 Charles' law

28 October 2011

11:10

·         5.13 understand that there is an absolute zero of temperature which is –273^oC

	<<Charles' law interactive experiment.swf>>
			Open the Charles' law interactive experiment ·         Adjust the temperature ·         What’s the relationship between temperature and volume? ·         Plot a graph of V against T ·         Take a screen shot of the graph

5.13 results and conclusion

28 October 2011

11:10

Conclusion

·         Volume is directly proportional to absolute (Kelvin) temperature

·         V Î± T

Charles' law interactive experiment.swf Download this file

5.14

5.14

28 October 2011

11:10

·         

5.14 describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius scales

Converting Centigrade to Kelvin
T_K = T_oC + 273

Converting Kelvin to Centigrade
T_oC = T_K - 273

T_K = Temperature in Kelvin [K]

T_oC = Temperature in Degrees Centigrade [^oC]

5.14 Questions

02 November 2011

18:29

1. To get to this temperature, the object must basically have no heat energy, and since heat is the energy given off when particles have increased kinetic energy, to get to absolute zero, the kinetic energy between particles have to stop. Which means the kinetic energy between them have to stop too. 

2a. 20c = 293 K 

b. 150c+273 = 323K

c. 1273k 

3a.  27c 

b. 377c 

c.727c 

·         

Collins p.118

5.7 and 5.8

Begin forwarded message:

From: Luke Michael Gebbie <luge14@patana.ac.th>

Subject: Fwd: 5.7 and 5.8 ((no gallery))

Date: 29 October 2011 11:31:38 AM GMT+07:00

Instructions for Objective 5.7 and 5.8

1.    

5.7 and 5.8 Starter.  Find out the names of the processes.  Research on the internet if necessary.  No need to blog this.

2.    5.7 and 5.8.  Forward this e-mail to your blog and type the answers into the e-mail.

3.    5.7 and 5.8 Experiment.  I’m afraid you can’t do the expt until we get back but watch the video clip to see how it’s set up and have a look at the graph of the results.

4.    5.7 to 5.10 Plenary 1.  Play the attached “States of Matter”

5.    5.7 to 5.10 Plenary 2.  Play the attached “Fill the trucks”

6.    PhET States of matter simulation - embedding into your Posterous blog.  Embed in your blog and then have a play

5.7 and 5.8 Starter

28 October 2011

11:00

·         What are the 6 processes shown by the arrows?

5.7 and 5.8

28 October 2011

10:20

·         

5.7 understand that a substance can change state from solid to liquid by the process of melting

·         5.8 understand that a substance can change state from liquid to gas by the process of evaporation or boiling

·         Questions from Collins p.112

·         Answer in Bullet Points!

1a. Liquids and gasses loose their shape because the structures of the atoms are not in a fixed pattern and therefore, the bonds are more free and the particles are able to move freely. 

b. This is because solids and liquids do have bonds between them and have an almost fixed pattern. Gasses fill their container because they have no bonds and therefore their shape can be changed to fit the container. 

  

Evaporation happens when the air gets hotter and gives the particles on the surface of the water gain kinetic energy and break apart from the bonds and turn into a gas. 

Boiling happens when when the temperature of the liquid reaches the boiling point. Its a fast process that breaks the bonds of the particles and turns them into a gas. 

'

Use following pages from Collins as a resource to help you

5.7 and 5.8 Experiment - Cooling Curve of Stearic Acid using datalogger

15 October 2010

14:34

 

5.7 to 5.10 Plenary 1

28 October 2011

12:19

			·          Play the Stage 1 game to test your knowledge of solids, liquids and gases

·         Play the Stage 2 game to test your knowledge about changes of phase!

 

5.7 to 5.10 Plenary 2

28 October 2011

12:19

			Play the Level 1 game to test your knowledge of the properties of solids, liquids and gases

Extension: Play the Level 2 game to extend your knowledge about changes of phase!

PhET States of matter simulation - embedding into your Posterous blog

28 October 2011

11:14

·        Create a post

·        spanspanspanspan